{"id":1328,"date":"2016-11-19T20:12:25","date_gmt":"2016-11-19T17:12:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kerbalacss.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/2016\/11\/19\/%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b7-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84\/"},"modified":"2018-12-17T19:39:25","modified_gmt":"2018-12-17T16:39:25","slug":"%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b7-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%81%d8%b4%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kerbalacss.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/blog\/archives\/1328","title":{"rendered":"\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0643 <\/span><\/strong>(<\/span><\/strong>Selim Can Sazak<\/span><\/strong>) <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644: \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\/ \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a-\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0641\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 (<\/span>Foreign Affairs<\/span>)\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631\u062b\u064a (<\/span>Michael Axworthy<\/span>) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 (<\/span>Patrick Milton<\/span>) \u0627\u0643\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 – \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u064f\u0634\u0641 \u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 – \u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631\u062b\u064a <\/span>Axworthy<\/span> \u0648 <\/span>\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/span>Milton<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 – \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 .. \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a – \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 – \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 – \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 <\/span>\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644: <\/span><\/p>\n

1-                <\/span><\/span>\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c <\/span><\/p>\n

2-                <\/span><\/span>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c <\/span><\/p>\n

3-                <\/span><\/span>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c <\/span><\/p>\n

4-                <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0648 <\/span>Hans Morgenthau<\/span><\/a>) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 <\/span>” \u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 ” <\/span>\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c ” \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 “. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u062c\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631<\/span><\/span> (<\/span>Pope Innocent X<\/span>)<\/span>\u063a\u0627\u0636\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 ” \u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a <\/span>Hussite Wars<\/span> ( 1419 – 1443) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span>Thirty Year’s War<\/span> (1618 – 1648). \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064f\u0632\u0650\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641” \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u064f\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u062a <\/span>Huguenot Wars<\/span><\/a><\/span> (1562 – 1598) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1580 \u0627\u0644\u0649 1594 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (1,5) \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 10% . \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 – \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10% \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f – \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627) \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u0631 (<\/span>Paul Revere<\/span>)<\/span> – \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0646 “\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f”\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u064f\u0637\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 . \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0646 <\/span>Sir<\/span>Henry McMahon<\/span>– \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 1915 – 1917 \u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646) \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 <\/span>Sir Mark Sykes<\/span> – \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 – \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 – \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0622\u0631\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 <\/span>Arthur Balfour<\/span> \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f . \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646. <\/span><\/p>\n

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https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/articles\/middle-east\/2016-10-27\/no-westphalia-middle-east<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

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